Oge ọrịa na-efe efe ebutela nnukwu agụụ maka mmanụ ụgbọ njem ọhụrụ. Site n'ọhụụ zuru ụwa ọnụ, mpaghara ikuku na-eku ume dị ka ụgbọ elu na mbupu na-atụle biofuels dị ka otu n'ime mmanụ ọkụ decarbonization bụ isi na ụlọ ọrụ njem. Kedu ọnọdụ ihe ọhụrụ teknụzụ biofuel dị ugbu a? Kedu ihe nwere ike itinye na mpaghara ndị siri ike decarbonize? Gịnị bụ nghazi amụma mba ndị mepere emepe?
Ọ dị mkpa ka ọ dị ngwa ngwa n'ọkwa uto nke mmepụta
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, bioethanol na biodiesel ka bụ ihe ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe. Bioethanol ka na-anọkwa n'ọnọdụ kachasị na biofuels zuru ụwa ọnụ. Ọ bụghị naanị na ọ bụ mmanụ mmiri na-emegharị ma na-adịgide adịgide iji belata oriri mmanụ, kamakwa enwere ike iji ya dị ka ihe dị iche iche na ihe mgbaze na ụlọ ọrụ kemịkalụ.
International Energy Agency (IEA) rụtụrụ aka na akụkọ "Renewable Energy 2023" na ọ bụrụ na a ga-enweta ihe mgbapụta net-efu site na 2050, mmepụta biofuel zuru ụwa ọnụ kwesịrị ịbawanye site na nkezi ọnụego kwa afọ nke 11% site ugbu a ruo 2030. A na-atụ anya na ka ọ na-erule njedebe nke afọ 2030, mmanụ mkpofu kichin, mkpofu nri na ahịhịa ahịhịa ga-enweta oke kacha elu nke raw biofuel. ihe, na-eru 40%.
IEA kwuru na mmụba nke mmepụta biofuel ugbu a enweghị ike inye aka nweta ihe mgbaru ọsọ efu efu na 2050. Site na 2018 ruo 2022, ọnụego uto nke mmepụta biofuel zuru ụwa ọnụ kwa afọ bụ nanị 4%. Site na 2050, oke oriri biofuel na ngalaba ụgbọ elu, ụgbọ mmiri na okporo ụzọ ga-achọ iru 33%, 19% na 3%.
IEA na-atụ anya ka agụụ biofuel zuru ụwa ọnụ ga-eto site na ijeri lita 35 kwa afọ n'etiti 2022 na 2027. N'ime ha, uto oriri nke mmanụ dizel na mmanụ ụgbọ elu fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ kpamkpam sitere na akụ na ụba mepere emepe; uto nke bioethanol na oriri biodiesel fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ kpamkpam site na akụ na ụba na-apụta.
N'agbata 2022 na 2027, òkè biofuels na mpaghara mmanụ ụgbọ njem zuru ụwa ọnụ ga-abawanye site na 4.3% ruo 5.4%. Ka ọ na-erule 2027, a na-atụ anya ka mmanụ ụgbọ ala bio-jet zuru ụwa ọnụ gbasaa ruo ijeri lita 3.9 kwa afọ, okpukpu 37 karịa nke 2021, na-aza ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 1% nke mkpokọta mmanụ ụgbọ elu.
Mmanụ ụgbọala kachasị mma maka ụgbọ njem decarbonizing
Ọ na-esi ike nke ukwuu decarbonize ụlọ ọrụ njem. Ndị IEA kwenyere na n'ime obere oge na nke ọkara, biofuels bụ nhọrọ kachasị mma maka ịmegharị ụgbọ njem. Mmepụta biofuels zuru ụwa ọnụ ga-adị mkpa okpukpu atọ n'etiti ugbu a na 2030 iji nweta ebumnuche nke ikuku net efu sitere na njem site na 2050.
Enwere nkwekọrịta ụlọ ọrụ sara mbara na biofuels na-enye nhọrọ asọmpi ọnụ maka ibelata ikuku gas na-esi na mpaghara njem n'ime iri afọ ndị na-abịanụ. N'ezie, ndakọrịta na akụrụngwa mmanụ ọkụ dị ugbu a na-eme ka biofuels bụrụ nhọrọ bara uru iji dochie mmanụ ọkụ n'ime ụgbọ mmiri ndị dị ugbu a.
Ọ bụ ezie na ụgbọ ala eletrik na-eto ngwa ngwa, oghere ihe achọrọ maka nrụpụta batrị buru ibu yana ihe isi ike dị n'ịtọpụta ụlọ ọrụ chaja na mpaghara emebereghị emepe ka na-ebute ihe ịma aka na nkuchi zuru ebe niile. N'ime oge ruo ogologo oge, ka ngalaba njem na-abawanye ọkụ, iji mmanụ ọkụ na-eme ihe ga-aga n'ihu na mpaghara ndị siri ike ịme ọkụ, dịka ụgbọ elu na ụgbọ mmiri.
Heitor Cantarella, onye ọkachamara n'ụlọ ọrụ nyocha ọrụ ugbo nke Campinas dị na Brazil kwuru, "Ihe ndị na-emepụta mmiri mmiri dị ka bioethanol na biodiesel nwere ike dochie mmanụ ụgbọala na mmanụ dizel ozugbo, na-enye ụzọ ndị tozuru okè na ndị nwere ike ịgbanwe n'ahịa nke ụgbọ ala ndị na-agba ọkụ n'ime ụlọ na-achị."
Obodo m na-emekwa ngwa ngwa ibubata mmanụ ọkụ na mpaghara njem. N'afọ 2023, oriri mmanụ ọkụ ụgbọ elu nke obodo m ga-adị ihe dị ka nde tọn 38.83, yana ikuku ikuku carbon karịrị nde tọn 123, na-aza ihe dịka 1% nke mkpokọta carbon carbon nke mba ahụ. N'ihe gbasara "carbon okpukpu abụọ", mmanụ ụgbọ elu na-adigide ugbu a bụ ụzọ kachasị ekwe omume iji belata ikuku carbon na ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ elu.
Mo Dingge, Onye isi oche na odeakwụkwọ Party nke Sinopec Ningbo Zhenhai Refining na Chemical Co., Ltd., na nso nso a tụpụtara aro ndị dị mkpa maka iwulite usoro ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ ụgbọ elu na-adigide nke dabara n'eziokwu China: mee ngwa ngwa nguzobe nke nnukwu ihe na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma. usoro maka akụrụngwa sitere na bio, dị ka mmanụ mkpofu na griiz; Sistemụ asambodo na-adigide nke obodo m nwere onwe yana njikwa yana usoro nkwado amụma ụlọ ọrụ ka mma na-akwalite mmepe ahụike nke ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ ụgbọ elu na-adigide.
United States na Europe na-enye mmasị iwu
N'ime akụ na ụba mepere emepe, United States na-arụsi ọrụ ike n'ịkwalite mmepe nke biofuels. A na-akọ na United States ekenyela US $ 9.7 maka ụlọ ọrụ biofuel site na Iwu Mbelata Ọnụ ego.
N'ọnwa Febụwarị, US Environmental Protection Agency na US Department of Energy jikọtara ọnụ nyere ọkwa na-ekwupụta na a ga-ebute ego enyere n'okpuru Iwu Mbelata Mbelata ọnụ ahịa maka ikenye ụlọ ọrụ nwere nnukwu mmetụta teknụzụ biofuel iji melite arụmọrụ yana belata ụgwọ ọrụ nke biofuel. mmepụta teknụzụ.
Joseph Goffman, onye ọrụ n’Ọfịs Ikuku na Radiation nke EPA, kwuru, sị: “E mere mmegharị a iji kpalite ihe ọhụrụ n’imepụta ihe ndị dị elu nke biofuel.” Jeff Marootian, onye isi osote osote onye ode akwụkwọ maka nrụpụta ike na ume ọhụrụ na Ngalaba Energy US, kwuru, sị: “Akụnye ego na teknụzụ biofuel, iji gboo mkpa na-eto eto maka mmanụ ụgbọ elu na-adigide na mmanụ ọkụ ndị ọzọ nwere obere carbon.”
Ụfọdụ mba ndị otu EU kwenyere na ekwesịrị itinye mmanụ mmanụ na mmanụ carbon na-anọpụ iche na EU iji hụ na ụlọ ọrụ nwere ike ịdọta ego.
Ụlọikpe nke European Auditors na-ekwu na EU enweghị atụmatụ ogologo oge maka biofuels, nke nwere ike imebi ihe mgbaru ọsọ decarbonisation nke mpaghara. N'ezie, echiche EU na biofuels anọwo na-agbagha. O buburu ibu ibu ibuwanye oke nke biofuels n'iji ike njem n'okporo ụzọ gaa 10% site na 2020, mana hapụzie ebumnuche a. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, EU ghọtara na biofuels nwere ikike dị ukwuu na ụgbọ elu, mbupu na mpaghara ndị ọzọ, ma na-enwetaghachi ntụkwasị obi na mmepe.
Nikolaos Milionis, onye ọrụ nke Ụlọikpe Ndị Auditors nke Europe, kwetara na ụkpụrụ iwu nke biofuel EU dị mgbagwoju anya ma gbanwee ugboro ugboro n'ime afọ 20 gara aga. "Biofuels nwere ike inye aka na ebumnuche nnọpụiche carbon nke EU ma kwalite nchekwa ike nke ha, mana a ka nwere enweghị atụmatụ mmepe doro anya na nke doro anya. Enweghị ntụzịaka nke amụma ga-eme ka ihe egwu dị elu karịa itinye ego ma belata mma nke ụlọ ọrụ biofuels nke Europe.
Susie
Ụgwọ nke ụlọ ọrụ Sichuan Green Science & Technology Ltd.
0086 19302815938
Oge nzipu: Mar-30-2024
