Kedụ asambodo ga-adị mkpa mgbe a na-ebupụ ikpo chaja na ahịa North America?

UL bụ mkpọbiri nke Underwriter Laboratories Inc. UL Safety Testing Institute bụ ụlọ ọrụ kacha nwee ikike na United States na ụlọ ọrụ nkeonwe kachasị ukwuu nke na-arụ ọrụ na nnwale na njirimara nchekwa n'ụwa. Ọ bụ otu ụlọ ọrụ nọọrọ onwe ya, nke na-erite uru, nke na-eme nnwale maka nchekwa ọha. Ọ na-eji ụzọ nnwale sayensị amụ ma chọpụta ma ihe dị iche iche, ngwaọrụ, ngwaahịa, akụrụngwa, ụlọ, wdg. na-emerụ ndụ na ihe onwunwe na oke mmerụ ahụ; ọ na-ekpebi, na-ede, ma na-enye ụkpụrụ kwekọrọ na ya ma na-enyere aka ibelata ma gbochie ihe egwu na ndụ. Anyị ga-anakọta ozi gbasara mmebi ihe onwunwe ma mee nyocha nchọpụta eziokwu n'otu oge. Asambodo UL bụ asambodo na-abụghị mmanye na United States. Ọ na-anwale ma na-akwado arụmọrụ nchekwa ngwaahịa. Oke asambodo ya anaghị agụnye njirimara EMC (ndakọrịta elektrọnik) nke ngwaahịa ahụ.

ETL bụ akara pụrụ iche nke Intertek, ụlọ ọrụ kachasị elu n'ụwa maka ọrụ mma na nchekwa nke nwere akụkọ ihe mere eme malitere na 1896. Mgbe Edison, onye America mepụtara ihe nke ukwuu, hiwere Lamp Testing Bureau, ọ gbanwere aha ya ka ọ bụrụ "Ụlọ Ọrụ Nnwale Eletriki" na 1904, nke ghọrọ ETL nke taa ma nwee aha dị elu na United States na gburugburu ụwa. Kemgbe e guzobere ya ihe karịrị otu narị afọ gara aga, ETL etolitela n'ime ụlọ nyocha dị iche iche ma edepụtara ya dị ka Ụlọ Ọrụ Nnwale Mba nke US Federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Ụlọ Ọrụ Nnwale-NRTL. N'otu oge ahụ, Standards Council of Canada-SCC na-amatakwa ETL dị ka Òtù Asambodo A kwadoro na Òtù Nnwale A kwadoro, ma na-amata ya dị ka òtù asambodo nchekwa ngwaahịa nọọrọ onwe ya na Canada (ị nwere ike ịbanye na weebụsaịtị OSHA http://www.osha.gov maka ozi ndị ọzọ).

Ọ bụrụhaala na ngwaahịa eletriki, igwe ma ọ bụ elektrọnik ọ bụla nwere akara ETL, ọ na-egosi na ngwaahịa ahụ emezuola ihe kacha nta achọrọ dịka ụkpụrụ nchekwa ngwaahịa US na Canada a ma ama. Intertek, ụlọ nyocha nnwale mba (NRTL) anwalela ya, ma na-agbaso ụkpụrụ mba dị mkpa; ọ pụtakwara na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe ahụ kwetara inyocha ya nke ọma iji hụ na ịdị mma ngwaahịa ahụ dị mma, nke enwere ike ire ya nye ahịa US na Canada. Ihe ọ pụtara nye ndị na-ekesa ngwaahịa, ndị na-ere ahịa na ndị ahịa bụ na ha na-azụta ngwaahịa ndị ndị ọzọ nwalere ma kwado.

Susie

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